Literature Survey - GSM based Remote Load Switching

Paper 1

GSM Based Automatic Energy Meter System with Instant Billing 

E.Moni Silviya, LK.Meena Vinodhini, Salai Thillai Thilagam.J

The proposed system for this paper utilizes an IR sensor unit in which the transmitter is placed In the rotating unit of the EV meter. Once current consumption is obtained the arm processor will reduce units for the user. Various energy meters are being developed over the years however the use of GSM provides unique advantages over the technologies previously used. The use of GSM in conjunction with sim technology allows for efficient readings of power consumption to be transmitted, even from remote locations using 2G technology. This paper focuses on the remote transmission of energy values to the power station/user to generate bills on time and asses energy demand patterns, managing fraud and meter failures due to fraudulent or natural causes efficiently.

Paper 2

GSM based automatic energy meter reading system 

Ashna.K and Sudhish N George

This paper focuses on low-cost development of wireless GSM energy meter with its web applications PC on the other side of the receiver functions as a modifiable database containing billing information specific to that jurisdiction that acts as a billing point. The billing data is transmitted through SMS which entails a standard rate of SMS charges that are not dependent on the duration of data transmission. The major advantage of this proposed system is that it eliminates the drawback of serial communication. The system lacks the ability to acknowledge whether the SMS is sent or received but it does not affect the performance of the system.

Paper 3

GSM Based Automatic Energy Meter Reading and Load Control 

Thota Akhilal , Ch. Balaram Murthy , T. Ragini 

This paper talks about the difficulties involved in reading meter readings from the energy meter that is placed onsite for the consumers, for the electricity providers. AMR is a constantly evolving technology whose demand has been steadily increasing over the years. Automated utility meters currently have several features which provide for reduced cost to the consumers and efficient data collection for the providers.

Paper 4 

Modeling of Arduino-based Prepaid Energy Meter using GSM Technology 

Uzair Ahmed Rajput

This paper aims to tackle the problem of financial losses of the power supply companies due to conventional meter reading, defective meters and charging networks.it uses Arduino based prepaid technology for sending SMS containing the data using GSM module. The Arduino integration is utilized within the current project to simplify the circuit for easy understanding. The interfacing of Arduino with an LCD screen can be replicated within this project to display simplified information such as status of loads, status of messages, estimated bull amount etc.

Paper 5

Portal based Prepaid Energy Billing System using GSM 

Pooja V. Jha Kinjal R. Savla, Deepshikha K. Patwa, Dr. Amit A. Deshmukh, Shruti T. Pistolwala 

The majority of energy utilities in India continue to use traditional energy meter billing This is outdated and inefficient. it requires a good amount. It is manual and consumes time and resources. This paper shows how to use the innovative system. Bridging the Gap Between consumers and consumers energy supplier. A wireless energy billing system is designed to be Implemented. A system that anyone can access from any location. This can be recharged with the help of your energy supplier Via the customer center or online portal. This system can be used in residential and commercial areas buildings in the distribution system, power plants, city halls etc.

Paper 6

Smart Cities and Buildings: GSM Based Smart Electric Energy Meter Billing System 

Md. Abrarul Alam and Mohammad Zeyad 

A low-cost scheme for standardizing people’s lifestyle by preventing losses associated to power consumption and optimizing the energy consumption allowing the people to lead a comfortable lifestyle. The proposed system utilizes Arduino board along with the GSM module, whose code is optimized to deliver an easily understandable interface for the user using an IoT server. An LCD panel is also connected to the Arduino to display the power consumed directly to the user. With the ever-increasing population of the country, the demand for rural classification is ever-growing. A well-organized power communication network is necessary step. The LCD is simply an optional addition, if the user wants to save costs, they may opt out of the lcd panel installation and forgo the benefit of reading the energy consumption live and on site.

Paper 7

Arduino GSM based Power Theft Detection and Energy Metering System 

Vivek Kumar Jaiswal, Hritik Kumar Singh, Kuldeep Singh

According to a survey done by the authors of this paper, 30 to 40 percent of all energy generation in India is stolen which affects the smooth function of government-based power stations. If unauthorized actions are sensed by the Arduino, the power grind officials are notified and another trigger occurs within the Arduino to shut off supply to that user. The SMS is sent automatically to the user via the GSM module. The proposed system claims to be accurate, indefinitely if there is no physical damage to the circuit.

Paper 8

Design of GSM Based Energy Meter: A Review 

Nicholas Baloyi, SP Daniel Chowdhury, Jacob Mnisi, Thabo Mashee 

This paper states that accurate measuring of power consumption is crucial for monitoring, building, and billing of energy consumption of an area. It is a review paper and an extensive one at that, which highlights subtle yet effective optimizations such as small details that are overlooked when installing the device in an area without measuring cell tower limits, along with a goal to minimize maintenance making the circuit self-sustaining. A microcontroller unit will be connected to a digital energy meter that takes readings from the energy meter and display the same data on an LCD screen..

Paper 9

Wireless Controlled Smart Digital Energy Meter and theft control using GSM with GUI 

Naseem Khan, Yasir Naseer, Imtiaz Alam, Tasawar Abbas, Yasir Iqbal

Like the previous paper, this paper in the study focuses on an intelligent future where most if not all processes are automated. However, unlike previous papers this paper adds a graphical user interface granting more control for the user. The paper also goes in depth with the individual components interacting with the Arduino board. It is designed for single phase power and can be easily optimized to handle 3 phase power also. An extension of this paper is the ‘Net Metering’ feature which allows the user to view the number of units of power consumed with the press of a button within the GUI. If phase current (Iph) is equal to neutral current (In), then the circuit runs with no interruptions. However, if that condition is false then a signal is sent to the Arduino to immediately cut off supply to that user as the condition for threat is now true.

Paper 10

Improving the reliability of energy supply utilizing smart energy meter system based on GSM G.I.

Rashed, Hussain Haider, M.B. Shafik 

This is a survey paper showcasing the benefits of smart energy meter. As seen from the survey, conducted by the authors in an attempt to prove the reliability of smart technologies, it may be concluded that the energy shedding is significantly higher when compared the traditional energy meter. This study on smart technologies, also showcases an important feature that is underestimated by everybody. The awareness to the user about how much electricity is being consumed at any time. This would allow the user to better utilize power and help in energy conservation on a global scale.

Paper 11

GSM based smart wireless controlled digital energy meter 

Zohaib Sultan, You Jiang, Adil Malik, Syed Faiz Ahmed

Smart meter is measuring energy consumption at different time intervals, this time interval can be minutes, hours, days, or months. The proposed technology collects data from meters and send this data to a central database for data storage, analysis, and monitoring of security-related issues. In addition, it also contains deployed modules. On-demand charging units from energy suppliers Business by simply sending a request SMS. GSM based smart wireless controlled digital energy meter is designed in order to enable electrical energy service provider company to remotely monitor the consumer according to the data provided by these meters.

Conclusions Drawn from Survey  

From the literature survey, it can be observed that paper [1] and paper [3] focus on utilizing an automated GSM based, automatic billing meter which would benefit the power grid authorities greatly. The users’ needs are not kept in mind which we aim to do in our project. The key feature of our project is that, the consumer or the users need will always be kept in mind during the design and creation of this project.

Paper [2] and paper [4] works with web-based applications. In this case a separate service is required to communicate the information to the user. We aim to remove this extra step by directly communicating the information, whether that be the approximate bill amount, units consumed or the loads status to the user. Paper [4] aims to eliminate the need for manual meter reading by the authorities and saving on finances. Although that feature would exist in the scope of this paper, we are not concerning ourselves with communications with the authorities about bill amount for our prototype, and instead focus on providing approximate pricing and remote control of loads to the user leaving the relaying of data to power stations for faster billing as a potential future extension of this project.

Paper [5] is focused on portal-based GMS communications. This could be a great source of profit in terms of the service rendered to the users, however, the constant up keep of such technologies would complicate the project and could jeopardize the main goal of the project – to provide convenient access of power information from the user’s homes to the user. Although paper [6] uses the same ideology, it focuses on IoT based servers specifically to create a centralized smart city hub for all energy consumption statistics with an aim to further develop technologies to use the same architecture. We would not be dealing with IoT however, the interfacing of the LCD panel to the Arduino is extremely simple to understand and shall be replicated in our project. The need for such a system is clearly visible in the survey done by the authors of paper [7], about 30 to 40 percent of energy generated is wasted. This can be remedied by the addition of remote load control that we are implementing in out circuit. 

The suggestions on paper [8], which is a review paper, focus on the longevity and reliability of the code utilized for this purpose. It is our understanding that analysis of this paper presents one of two options for us – either constantly maintaining a data base or server to analyze energy consumption patterns and update the code to stay up-to-date with latest technologies or use a limited integrated system that shall not need to be serviced for the foreseeable future. In order to reduce cost of production and because the goal of our project is user specific convenience, we decided to choose the latter.

We plan on utilizing the logic from paper [9] for threat detection since its simple to implement and easy to understand. Unlike paper [9] the use of GUI will be replaced with a primitive yet simple command line interface where the user sends messages to the SIM on the GSM and the Arduino reads this to send back the required output message back to the user. This is also a major characteristic in paper [10]- being able to understand how much energy is consumed always will incentivize the user to take better power conservations steps and create a cleaner future for power generation.